People as Resource Class 9 important Questions Social Science Economics Chapter- 2
Very Short answer type questions: (1mark questions)
Q1. What is the meaning of vocational education?
Q2. Navodaya Vidyalayas have been started for which kind of school children?
Q3. Why education has an important role in human capital formation?
Q4. What is Infant Mortality Rate?
Q5. How will you define the life expectancy of a new born baby?
Q6.In which type of unemployment; more than required people employed for a particular job.
ANSWERS
1. ‘Vocational education’ means training for a specific vocation i.e. training for being employed in a particular job.
2. Navodaya Vidayalayas have been started for talented school children residing in rural areas.
3. Education broadens the knowledge of people and provides them training, thus is having an important role in human capital formation.
4. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1000 live births.
5. Life expectancy is defined as the average length of time in years that a newborn baby will live.
6. Disguised unemployment
Short and Long answer type questions: (3/5 mark questions)
Q7. What does a ‘virtuous cycle’ created by the educated parents mean? Explain.
Q8. Describe five main features of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.
Q9. What are the objectives of India’s National Policy on Health? Suggest two ways in which the policy objectives can be met.
Q10. Explain the term unemployment. Which types of unemployment is most dangerous separately from Urban and rural areas? How can unemployment in rural area be minimized?
Q11. How has Japan become a developed country despite being poor in natural resources? Explain.
Q12. “Increased in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy”. Do you agree with this statement? Support your answer by giving arguments?
Q13. Explain the initiatives taken by the government to improve elementary education in India.
Q14. Study the graph and answer the following questions.
a. Have the literacy rates of the population increased since 1951?
b. In which year has India the highest literacy rate?
c. Why is literacy rate high among the males of India?
d. Why are women less educated than men?
e. How would you calculate literacy rate in India?
ANSWERS
7. A’ Virtuous cycle’ is created by the educated parents when they invest heavily on the education and skill training of their children because these children, when they become parents, will also invest heavily on the education and skill training of their children, as they realise the importance of education.
This cycle will continue to repeat for generation, thus creating a ‘virtuous cycle’. In contrast, uneducated parents not realizing the importance of education, do not invest on their children’s education, thus creating a ‘virtuous cycle’.
8. Five main features are:
i. To provide useful and elementary education for all children in the 6-14 years age group.
ii. To bridge social, regional and gender gaps with the active participation of the community in the management of schools.
iii. To allow children to learn about and master their natural environment in order to develop their potential both spiritually and materially.
iv. To include value based learning, which allows children an opportunity to work for each other’s well being, rather than to pursue mere selfish pursuits.
v. To realise the importance of early childhood care and education, looking at the 0-14 years as a continuum.
9. The objectives are:
i. Enhancing the contribution of the private sector in providing health services for people who can afford to pay.
ii. Giving primacy for prevention and first line curative initiative.
iii. Emphasizing rational use of drugs.
iv. Increasing access to try systems of traditional medicine.
Some of the policy objectives can be met through the following methods:
i. Increasing the number of trained nurses or midwives to one per village.
ii. Making available generic medicines (instead of branded medicines) at all government dispensaries.
10. Unemployment is a situation when people who are willing to work at going wages cannot find jobs.
Unemployment in Rural India-
i. The most dangerous unemployment in rural area is seasonal unemployment.
ii. It exist when people willing to do work is not able to find work for a certain period.
iii. It is more common in farmers or farm workers.
iv. This makes living condition most vulnerable due to non availability of work.
Unemployment in Urban India-
i. The most dangerous unemployment in urban area is educated unemployment.
ii. It usually occurs in cities where there are educated or skilled people but no job opportunities.
iii. Hence, an asset for the country turns into a liability.
iv. This increases the burden of production on the employment people and also reduces economy. Way to minimize unemployment in rural areas-
i. The government should provide adequate skills to landless labourers and small farmers in villages.
ii. There is a need to open Navodaya Vidyalayas in each district as ideal government schools to give training to students to minimise future unemployment ratio.
iii. Plantation, horticulture, dairying and animal husbandry should encourage.
11. Japan becomes a developed country despite being poor in natural resources:
a. It has invested in human resources.
b. It imports the required resources for their industries.
c. Efficiency of the people has made the country rich.
d. The latest technology has helped in the development.
e. It has invested in the field of health and education.
12. Yes, increased unemployment indicates a depressed economy because-
a. Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource.
b. People who are an asset for the economy turn into a liability.
c. It induces a feeling of hopelessness and despair among youth.
d. Unemployment trends to increase economic overload. The dependence of the unemployed on the working population increases.
e. The quality of life of an individual as well as of society is adversely affected due to unemployment.
f. When a family has to live on a bare subsistence level. There is a general decline in its health status and rising withdrawal from the school system. Hence unemployment has detrimental impact on the overall growth of an economy.
13. The initiatives taken by the government to improve elementary education in India are:
a. Sarva Shiksha Abbhiyan aims at the universalisation of elementary education in a time bounded manner, making it free to children between the ages of 6 and 14, with a special emphasis on girl education. It has been embodied as a right under the Right to Education Act.
b. Mid day Meal schemes has been implemented to encourage attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional status.
c. Navodaya Vidyalayas have been opened in each district as ideal schools, whose facilities and methods can be replicated by other schools.
d. Vocational streams have been developed to enable a larger number of high schools students to find jobs in occupations related to knowledge and skills.
e. Bridge courses and back-to-school camps have been initiated to increase to increase the enrollment in elementary education.
Q14. Yes, the literacy rates of the population have increased since 1951 as shown below:
a.
Literacy in 1951
Literacy in 2011
Male- 28%
Male-82%
Female- 11%
Female-65%
b. India has the highest literacy rates in 2011
c. India Traditionally has a dominated society where more importance is given to males. Culturally, due to divisions of labour, the males go out of their homes and get better access to education.
d. Women are less educated than men because preference is given to the boys or sons in the family for education because they are considered as the future of the family.
e. The literacy rate can be calculated on the basis of the number of literate people divided by the population multiplied by 100.
__________________________________ X 100
Population of India
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